Azithromycin
The antimicrobial agents or antibiotics develops during the last 60 years are among the most dramatic examples of the advances of science. The remarkably powerful and specific activity of antimicrobial drug is due to their selectivity for highly specific targets that are either unique to micro-organism or much more important in them than in humans. Azithromycin belongs to a macrolide antibiotic. Azthromycin is a 15-atom lactone macrolide ring compound. Azithromycin is a semisynthetic derivative of Erythromycin obtained by the addition of methylated nitorgen into the lactone ring of Erythromycin. Azithromycin is effective against gram positive bacterias. Antibiotics require constant drug level in body for therapeutic effect. This is achieved by taking the medication at regular interval of time throughout the day and night as prescribed. Azithromycin is important to take the drug for the full time period as prescribed. If you discontinue the therapy, it may result in ineffective treatment.
Primary Characteristics
It is of Semi Synthetic origin and belongs to Azalide.
It belongs to Antibacterial (Proetin synthesis inhibitor) pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antibiotics pharmacological group.
Molecular Weight: 785 · Solubility in Water: Insoluble · Solubility in Alcohol: Freely soluble in dehydrate · Non-proprietary name: Azithromycin.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Azithromycin has an oral bioavailability is 34% (±19%).
Distribution: Azithromycin has a volume of distribution is 31.1 l/kg. plasma protein binding is 51%.
Elimination: plasma half-life is 68%, renal excretion is < 10% unchanged. Also excreted in bile.
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Indications
Azithromycin is primarily indicated in conditions like Cervicitits, Lower respiratory tract infections, Multiple myeloma, Otitis media, Reversal of excessive bradycardia, Rtis; otitis media, Skin and soft tissue infections, Soft tissue and skin infections, Status epilepticus (unlicensed use), Upper respiratory tract infections, Urethritis.
Contraindications
Azithromycin is contraindicated in conditions like Hepatic impairment, Hypersensitivity.
Dosage
Azithromycin's dosage details are as follows:
| Dose | Single Dose | Frequency | Route | Instructions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Dosage | ||||
| 250 – 2000 mg | — | Every 24h | PO | Dose and duration may vary according to indication. |
| Paediatric Dosage (20kg) | ||||
| 20 mg/kg | 20 mg/kg | — | Oral | As Required |
| Neonatal Dosage (3kg) | ||||
| 9.375 mg/kg | 9.375 mg/kg | — | oral | As required |
Drug Interactions
Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Side Effects
Azithromycin in overdosage may give rise to further complications which include Maculopapular rash , Cholestasis , Pseudomembranous colitis , Jaundice .
Azithromycin produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Anaphylaxis , Angioneurotic edema. Careful monitoring is needed with proper medical management.
The signs and symptoms that are produced after acute overdosage of Azithromycin are severe nausea, Severe diarrhea, Severe vomiting, Hearing loss.
Azithromycin is known to cause more or less tolerable side effects which are usually transient. These include Abdominal pain, Deafness , Diarrhea, Dizziness, Fatigue, Flatulence, GI disturbance, Headache, Nausea, Palpitation, Photosensitivity, Rashes , Vertigo, Vomiting .
Warnings / Precautions
Interference in Pathology
Azithromycin may interfere in the diagnosis of False elevated serum aspartate.
Available Brands
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Single Ingredient
Multi-Ingredient Combinations
Storage Conditions
Drug Classification
- 1.6.2.2.4 — Macrolides
Manufacturers
Manufacturers of Azithromycin in Pakistan: