Timolol (Maleate)
Timolol (Maleate) is a non-selective ß-blocking agent and blocks both ß1 and ß 2 adrenergic receptors. Timolol (Maleate) is similar in action but more potent than propranolol. Timolol (Maleate) is available for both systemic and ophthalmic use. It slows the heart rate and reduce hypertension and prevents the recurrence of myocardial infarction (MI) , but mainly used in glaucoma, by a local conjunctival instillation as eye drops.
Primary Characteristics
It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Aminomorphonilyl Thiadiazol.
It belongs to Beta adrenergic antagonist pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antiglaucoma pharmacological group.
Molecular Weight: 432.5 · Solubility in Water: soluble · Solubility in Alcohol: soluble · Non-proprietary name: Timolol (Maleate).
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Timolol (Maleate) has an oral bioavailability is 100%, pre-systemic (first-pass) metabolism accounts for 60% (±10%).
Distribution: Timolol (Maleate) has a volume of distribution is 1.74 - 3.64 l/kg. plasma protein binding is 10 - 88 %.
Elimination: it is metabolised via Hepatic, plasma half-life is 2 - 5 hr, renal excretion is 20 %.
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Indications
Timolol (Maleate) is primarily indicated in conditions like Angina, Glucoma, Hypertension, Iron deficiency anaemia, Migraine, Migraine prophylaxis, Myocardial infarction.
Contraindications
Timolol (Maleate) is contraindicated in conditions like Cardiogenic shock, Heart block, Cardiac insufficiency, Obstructive airway disease.
Dosage
Timolol (Maleate)'s dosage details are as follows:
| Dose | Single Dose | Frequency | Route | Instructions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Dosage | ||||
| 0.375 % | 0.375 % | Every 12h | Ophthalmic | Drops. |
| Paediatric Dosage (20kg) | ||||
| 0.375 % | 0.375 % | — | Opthalmic | As Required |
| Neonatal Dosage (3kg) | ||||
| No data. | ||||
Drug Interactions
Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Side Effects
Timolol (Maleate) in overdosage may give rise to further complications which include Heart failure .
Timolol (Maleate) produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Asthma . Careful monitoring is needed with proper medical management.
The signs and symptoms that are produced after acute overdosage of Timolol (Maleate) are Bronchospasm, Bradycardia.
Timolol (Maleate) is known to cause more or less tolerable side effects which are usually transient. These include Bradycardia , Cold extremities, Depression, Fatigue, Headedness , Insomnia, Nausea and vomiting, Paresthesias.
Warnings / Precautions
Interference in Pathology
Timolol (Maleate) may interfere in the diagnosis of None well documented.
Available Brands
Storage Conditions
Drug Classification
- 1.21.4.2 — Beta blockers