Prilocaine

Also known as: Prilocanium

Drug #599

Prilocaine is a local anesthetic of amide type with actions simlar to lidocaine. Prilocaine is used for anesthesia in minor surgical procedures such as dentistry.

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Primary Characteristics

Prilocaine is also known as Prilocanium, Prilocaine (HCl).

It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Amide.

It belongs to Na-Channel Local Anesthetic antagonist pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Local Anesthetics pharmacological group.

Molecular Weight: 220.3 · pK_a: 7.9 · Solubility in Water: 1 in 5 · Solubility in Alcohol: 1 in 6 · Non-proprietary name: Prilocaine · pH: 4.6 · Isotonic value: 4.18.

Pharmacokinetics

Distribution: Prilocaine has a volume of distribution is 261 litre. plasma protein binding is 50 %.

Elimination: it is metabolised via Hepatic, plasma half-life is 1-2 hr, renal excretion is < 3 %.

Indications

Prilocaine is primarily indicated in conditions like Infiltration anaesthesia (higher strengths for dental use only), Local anaesthesia, Local anaesthetic, Surgical anaesthesia.

Prilocaine is also indicated for secondary conditions like Pain in short surgical procedure..

Contraindications

Prilocaine is contraindicated in conditions like Anaemia, Methaemoglobinaemia.

Dosage

Prilocaine's dosage details are as follows:

Dose	Single Dose	Frequency	Route	Instructions
Adult Dosage
4.29 mg/kg	4.29 mg/kg	—	IV	As Required
Paediatric Dosage (20kg)
No data.
Neonatal Dosage (3kg)
No data.

Drug Interactions

Unknown2 interactions

Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.

Side Effects

Prilocaine in overdosage may give rise to further complications which include Methemoglobinemia , Skin rashes , Tremors , Porphyria, Hypersensitivity.

Prilocaine produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Tinnitus, Anxiety, Circumoral numbness, Cardiovascular depression, Cardiac Arrest . Careful monitoring is needed with proper medical management.

The signs and symptoms that are produced after acute overdosage of Prilocaine are Anxiety , Cyanosis, Seizures, CNS toxicity, Methemoglobinemia, Numbness .

Prilocaine is known to cause more or less tolerable side effects which are usually transient. These include Hypersensitivity reactions, Nausea, Nystagmus , Vertigo.

Warnings / Precautions

Avoid Prilocain in patient with known hypersensitivity. It should be given with caution to the elderly, to debilitated, to children, patients with epilepsy, impaired cardiac conduction or respiratory function, shock or liver damage. It might be ototoxic and should not be instilled into the middle ear. The application of local anesthetics to the skin for prolonged period or to the extensive area should be avoided. It should be avoided in patients with anemia, congenital or acquired methaemoglobinaemia, cardiac or ventilatory failure or hypoxia. Be careful and avoid injury until anesthetic wears off.

Interference in Pathology

Prilocaine may interfere in the diagnosis of Measurement of Plasma Cholinesterases .

Available Brands

None recorded.

Storage Conditions

Prilocaine should be stored Inj.

Drug Classification

1.1.2 — Local anesthetics