Pindolol
Pindolol is oral, nonselective, ß-receptor antagonist with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) (i.e., partial agonist activity). Pindolol is the ß-blocker with the highest degree of ISA and nonselective antagonist qualities. The effect of ISA, as with ß-blockade in general, can be selective or nonselective in nature. The partial agonist potential of Pindolol is greater for ß 2- than ß1-receptors, a characteristic that renders the drug a "vasodilatory" ß-blocker. It was approved by the FDA in September 1982 for the treatment of hypertension. Like other ß-adrenergic antagonists, it competes with adrenergic neurotransmitters (e.g., catecholamines) for binding at sympathetic receptor sites, similar to propranolol.
Primary Characteristics
It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Indole.
It belongs to Beta adrenergic antagonist pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antihypertensive Agents pharmacological group.
Molecular Weight: 248.3 · pKa: 6.5, 8.3 · Solubility in Water: Insoluble · Solubility in Alcohol: 1 in 120 · Non-proprietary name: Pindolol.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Pindolol has an oral bioavailability is 92.5% (±2.5%), pre-systemic (first-pass) metabolism accounts for 7.5% (±2.5%).
Distribution: Pindolol has a volume of distribution is 1.2 - 2.0 l/kg. plasma protein binding is 50 - 70 %.
Elimination: plasma half-life is 2.5 - 4 hr, renal excretion is 40 %.
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Indications
Pindolol is primarily indicated in conditions like Angina, Cardiac arrhythmia, Hypertension, Supraventricular tachycardia.
Contraindications
Pindolol is contraindicated in conditions like Bronchospasm, Haemorrhage, Heart block, Bradycardia.
Dosage
Pindolol's dosage details are as follows:
| Dose | Single Dose | Frequency | Route | Instructions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Dosage | ||||
| 25 mg | 25 mg | Every 24h | PO | |
| Paediatric Dosage (20kg) | ||||
| 0 – 0 | — | — | Not recommended for this age group | |
| Neonatal Dosage (3kg) | ||||
| 0 – 0 | — | — | Not recommended in this age group | |
Drug Interactions
Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Side Effects
Pindolol produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Hypoglycemia , Hypoglycemia, Cardiac failure, Bronchospasm , Ischemic heart disease. Careful monitoring is needed with proper medical management.
Pindolol is known to cause more or less tolerable side effects which are usually transient. These include Dizziness, Edema, Fatigue, Headache, Insomnia, Muscle cramps, Muscle pain, Nervousness.
Warnings / Precautions
Interference in Pathology
Pindolol may interfere in the diagnosis of Elevations of SGPT and SGOT , Increased Alkaline Phosphatase Levels.
Available Brands
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Multi-Ingredient Combinations
Storage Conditions
Drug Classification
- 1.12.3.1 — Beta blocking agents
Manufacturers
Manufacturers of Pindolol in Pakistan: