Amphotericin B

Drug #52

Amphotericin B is antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus. Amphotericin B is amphoteric polyene macrolide (containing many double bonds and a large lactone ring of 12 or more atoms). It has a broad spectrum of action and active against yeasts, organisms causing endemic mycoses and pathogenic molds.Amphotericin B is used topically for skin infections and intravenously for severe generalized fungal infections.

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Primary Characteristics

It is of Semi Synthetic origin and belongs to Amphotericin.

It is classified in Polyene Antibiotic, Tetracycline pharmacological group.

Molecular Weight: 924.1 · pK_a: 5.7, 10 · Solubility in Water: < 1 in 10000 · Solubility in Alcohol: < 1 in 10000 · Non-proprietary name: Amphotericin B.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Amphotericin B has an oral bioavailability is 2.5% (±2.5%).

Distribution: Amphotericin B has a volume of distribution is 4 l/kg. plasma protein binding is 90-97%.

Elimination: it is metabolised via 60%, plasma half-life is 24-48 hr, renal excretion is 2-5%.

Indications

Amphotericin B is primarily indicated in conditions like Candidiasis of mouth, Cutaneouus and mucocutaneous candidiasis, Denture stomatitis, Intestinal candidiasis, Severe shock due for example to cardiac arrest, Systemic mycoses, Vaginal candidiasis, Visceral leishmaniasis.

Contraindications

Amphotericin B is contraindicated in conditions like Hypersensitivity.

Dosage

Amphotericin B's dosage details are as follows:

Dose	Single Dose	Frequency	Route	Instructions
Adult Dosage
60 mg	60 mg	Every 6h	Buccal
100 mg	100 mg	Every 6h	PO
Paediatric Dosage (20kg)
0.625 mg/kg	0.625 mg/kg	—	IV Infusion	Infuse over 6 hours
Neonatal Dosage (3kg)
0.625 mg/kg	0.625 mg/kg	—	Infusion	Infuse over 6 hrs.

Drug Interactions

Unknown25 interactions

12 interactions

Major3 interactions

Moderate4 interactions

Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.

Side Effects

Amphotericin B in overdosage may give rise to further complications which include Renal damage , Anaemia .

Amphotericin B produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Anaphylactic reactions. Careful monitoring is needed with proper medical management.

Amphotericin B is known to cause more or less tolerable side effects which are usually transient. These include Abdominal pain, Anorexia , Azotemia, Chills, Fever, Headache, Nausea, Vomiting .

Warnings / Precautions

Amphotericin B should be used with caution in patients with heart disease, liver disease, kidney disease or any allergies. This medication should be used only if clearly needed during pregnancy. Use of this medication is not recommended during lactation.

Available Brands

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Single Ingredient

Inj

50 mg

Storage Conditions

Amphotericin B should be stored Inj.

Drug Classification

1.6.3 — Antifungal drugs
2.6.4.2 — Antileishmanial drugs
3.22.2 — Gynecological anti-infectives

Manufacturers

Manufacturers of Amphotericin B in Pakistan:

Ferozson Medinet