Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor
This factor increases the production of white blood cells and is used to treat or prevent neutropenia in patient receiving myelosuppressive cancer chemotherapy. GM-CSF;such as Granulacyte , eosinophil production it acts synergistically with SCF.IL-1,IL-3,and IL-6 to stimulate CFU-GM and CFU-Meg to increase neutrophil and monocyte production. With EPO (Erthropoietin) may promote BFU-t formation. Prevents alvedar proteinosis. Sargramostin is an rhGM-CSF expressed by the yeast,saccharomyces cerevisios. Molgramostin is an rhGM-CSF expressed by escherichia coli. Molecular mass of rhGM-CSF prepared in E.coli,unglycosylated,is 14kDA. The naturally occueing glycosylated compound has a molecular weight of upto 34kDa.
Primary Characteristics
It is of Natural origin and belongs to Polypeptide(Partially glycosylated peptide).
It belongs to Granulocy te/macrophage CSF agonsit pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Recombinant Human Erythropoietin pharmacological group. It is also classified under Hematological Agents .
Molecular Weight: 14000 · pKa: Irrelevant · Solubility in Water: soluble · Solubility in Alcohol: Insoluble · Non-proprietary name: Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor.
Pharmacokinetics
Elimination: it is metabolised via Renal and Hepatic, plasma half-life is short (serum half lives 2-7 hr) 2-3 hour, renal excretion is major.
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Indications
Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor is primarily indicated in conditions like Acute myeloid leukemia, Bone marrow failure, Bone marrow transplantation, Chemotherapy induced neutropenia, Mobilisation of peripheral blood progenitor cells, Neutropenia.
Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor is also indicated for secondary conditions like Aplastic anemia.
Contraindications
Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor is contraindicated in conditions like Allergy, Leukaemia, Cardiac disease.
Dosage
Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor's dosage details are as follows:
| Dose | Single Dose | Frequency | Route | Instructions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Dosage | ||||
| 18 ug/kg | 18 ug/kg | Every 24h | IV Inf | As Required |
| Paediatric Dosage (20kg) | ||||
| 5.5 ug/kg | 5.5 ug/kg | Every 24h | Intra Venous | - |
| 5.5 ug/kg | 5.5 ug/kg | Every 24h | IV Infusion | - |
| 5.5 ug/kg | 5.5 ug/kg | Every 24h | Subcutaneous | - |
| Neonatal Dosage (3kg) | ||||
| No data. | ||||
Drug Interactions
None recorded.
Side Effects
Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor in overdosage may give rise to further complications which include Cardiac arrhythmias, Peripheral edema, Cardiac arrhythmias , Hemolytic anemia , Hemolytic anemia , Fluid retension , Weight gain , Pericarditis , Peritonitis , Acute myeloid leukemia, Hemolytic anemia, Capillary leak syndrome.
Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Elevation of liver enzymes, Pericardial effusion, Pleural effusion, Anaphylactic reactions, Transient arrhythmias, elevation in Serum creatinine. Careful monitoring is needed with proper medical management.
Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor is known to cause more or less tolerable side effects which are usually transient. These include Allergic reaction, Arthralgia, Bone pain, Diarrhea, Dyspnea, Fever, Fluid retention, Flushing, GI upset, Hypotension , Malaise, Myalgia, Nausea and vomiting, Rashes , Transient hypotension.
Warnings / Precautions
Interference in Pathology
Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor may interfere in the diagnosis of Liver Function Test (LFT) .
Available Brands
None recorded.
Storage Conditions
Drug Classification
- 1.20 — Muscle relaxants and cholinesterase inhibitors