Cloxacillin
Cloxacillin is an isoxazolyl penicillin. Penicillin is derived directly or indirectly from strains of fungi of the genus Penicillium and other soil inhabiting fungi grown on special culture media. The structure of penicillin consists of a thiazolidine ring connected to a ß lactam ring, which is attached to a side chain. its use is limited to treatment of penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureus infections. Antibiotics require constant drug level in body for therapeutic effect. This is achieved by taking the drug at regular interval of time throughout the day and night as prescribed. Cloxacillin (Na) is important to take the drug for the full time period as prescribed. If you discontinue the drug it may result in ineffective treatment.
Primary Characteristics
Cloxacillin is also known as Cloxacillin [Na].
It is of Semi Synthetic origin and belongs to Penicillin.
It belongs to Peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitor pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antibiotics pharmacological group.
Molecular Weight: 475.9 · pKa: 2.7 · Solubility in Water: 1 in 30 · Solubility in Alcohol: 1 in 2.5 · Non-proprietary name: Cloxacillin (Na).
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Cloxacillin has an oral bioavailability is 55% (±15%).
Distribution: Cloxacillin has a volume of distribution is 10 litre. plasma protein binding is 94%.
Elimination: plasma half-life is 0.65 hr, renal excretion is major.
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Indications
Cloxacillin is primarily indicated in conditions like Bacterial infections, Bone and joint infection, Cystitis, Endocarditis, Enterocolitis, Meningitis associated with spina bifida, Respiratory tract infections, Septicaemia, Skin infections, Soft tissue infections.
Contraindications
Cloxacillin is contraindicated in conditions like Hypersensitivity.
Dosage
Cloxacillin's dosage details are as follows:
| Dose | Single Dose | Frequency | Route | Instructions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Dosage | ||||
| 250 mg | 250 mg | Every 6h | IM | |
| 500 mg | 500 mg | Every 24h | Intra Peritoneal | |
| 500 mg | 500 mg | Every 6h | IV (slow) | Over 3-4 min. |
| 500 mg | 500 mg | Every 6h | PO | |
| Paediatric Dosage (20kg) | ||||
| 18.75 mg/kg | 18.75 mg/kg | Every 6h | Oral | - |
| 18.75 mg/kg | 18.75 mg/kg | Every 6h | Slow IV | - |
| Neonatal Dosage (3kg) | ||||
| 11.718 mg/kg | 11.718 mg/kg | Every 6h | oral | |
| 11.718 mg/kg | 11.718 mg/kg | Every 6h | Slow intravenous | |
Drug Interactions
Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Side Effects
Cloxacillin in overdosage may give rise to further complications which include Hemolytic anemia , Neurotoxicity , Cholestatic jaundice , Blood dyscrasias , Interstitial nephritis , Seizures , Cholestasis .
Cloxacillin produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Pseudomembranous colitis , Anaphylaxis . Careful monitoring is needed with proper medical management.
The signs and symptoms that are produced after acute overdosage of Cloxacillin are Diarrhea, Abdominal discomfort, GI disturbances, Vomiting.
Cloxacillin is known to cause more or less tolerable side effects which are usually transient. These include GI disturbance, Glossitis, Hyperthermia , Nausea and vomiting, Phlebitis , Rashes , Skin reactions, StomatitisX.
Warnings / Precautions
Interference in Pathology
Cloxacillin may interfere in the diagnosis of Intereferes with Bradshaws Test for Bence-Jones proteins. , Measurement of Urinary 17-oxo-steroids and 17-oxogenic steroids by MRC Method .
Available Brands
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Single Ingredient
Multi-Ingredient Combinations
Storage Conditions
Drug Classification
- 1.6.2.1.1 — Penicillins