Ceftazidime

Drug #144

Ceftazidime is a third-generation, semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic. Cephalosporins are derivatives of 7-aminocephalosporic acid and are closely related to penicillins in structure. Cephalosporins have a six membered sulfur containing ring adjoining a ß lactam ring. Ceftazidime is a broad spectrum, ß lactam antibiotic, effective against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Antibiotics require constant drug level in body for therapeutic effect. Ceftazidime is used in the treatment of biliary tract infection. This is achieved by taking the medication at regular interval of time throughout the day and night as prescribed. Ceftazidime is important to take the drug for the full time period as prescribed. If you discontinue the therapy, it may result in ineffective treatment.

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Primary Characteristics

Ceftazidime is also known as Ceftazidime Pentahydrate, Ceftazidime Sodium.

It is of Semi Synthetic origin and belongs to Cephalosporin.

It belongs to Peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitor pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antibiotic, Cephalosporin-3rd Gen pharmacological group.

Molecular Weight: 636.7 · pK_a: 1.8, 2.7, 4.1 · Solubility in Water: slightly soluble · Solubility in Alcohol: insoluble · Non-proprietary name: Ceftazidime.

Pharmacokinetics

Distribution: Ceftazidime has a volume of distribution is 16.0 litre. plasma protein binding is 10%.

Elimination: it is metabolised via negligible, plasma half-life is 1.8-2.2 hr, renal excretion is major.

Contraindications

Ceftazidime is contraindicated in conditions like Hypersensitivity.

Dosage

Ceftazidime's dosage details are as follows:

Dose	Single Dose	Frequency	Route	Instructions
Adult Dosage
75 mg/kg	75 mg/kg	Every 8h	IV,IM	(In 3 devided Dose daily, up to 9g with normal renal function) Doses more than 1g should be given IV
Paediatric Dosage (20kg)
65 mg/kg	65 mg/kg	—	IV	In two to three divided doses
150 mg/kg	150 mg/kg	—	IV	To maximum of 6g daily
9 g	9 g	—	IV,IM	In cystic fibroses with lung infection
Neonatal Dosage (3kg)
37.5 mg/kg	37.5 mg/kg	Every 8h	IV	In 2 divided doses

Drug Interactions

Unknown1 interaction

Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.

Side Effects

Ceftazidime in overdosage may give rise to further complications which include Superinfection , Neutropenia , Hives, Hypersensitivity reactions , Elevation in serum creatinine , Transient leucopenia , Candidiasis , Rashes, Bleeding , Breathing difficulty, Thrombocytopenia , Increased blood urea nitrogen , Myoclonia, Stevens johnson syndrome , Lymphocytosis .

Ceftazidime produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Pseudomembranous colitis , Encephalitis, Anaphylactic reactions, Epilepsy. Careful monitoring is needed with proper medical management.

The signs and symptoms that are produced after acute overdosage of Ceftazidime are Coma, Seizures, Encephalopathy.

Ceftazidime is known to cause more or less tolerable side effects which are usually transient. These include Abdominal pain, Colitis, Diarrhea, Dizziness, Erythema multiforme, Headache, Inflammation, Nausea, Pain , Paresthesias, Phlebitis , Pruritus , Skin RashX, Stomachache , Thrombophlebitis , Tremor, Vaginitis, Vomiting .

Warnings / Precautions

Ceftazidime should be used with caution in patients with impaired kidney or liver function. Appropriate measures should be taken if secondary infection occurs. Use with caution (if contains tartrazine) in patients with aspirin hypersensitivity, because it may cause allergic reactions (including bronchial asthma). Caution is required in patients with history of hypersensitivity to ceftazidime, cephalosporins, penicillins or other drugs especially those with previous hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins. Discontinue treatment if an allergic reaction occurs. Emergency procedures may be required in such cases. Concurrent use with nephrotoxic drugs e.g., aminoglycosides, potent diuretics, may affect renal function. Neurological sequelae have been reported when dose is not reduced in patients with renal impairment. Prolonged use may develop resistance during therapy. When ceftazidime and chloramphenicol is administered concurrently, the possibility of antagonism should be considered.

Interference in Pathology

Ceftazidime may interfere in the diagnosis of Copper reduction tests for glycosuria. , Positive Coombs test which interfere with cross-matching of blood. .

Available Brands

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Single Ingredient

Inj

1 g 250 mg 500 mg

Storage Conditions

Ceftazidime should be stored Dry Powder for Inj. Inj (reconstituted soln).

Drug Classification

1.6.2.1.3 — Cephalosporins

Manufacturers

Manufacturers of Ceftazidime in Pakistan: