Cefoxitin
Cefoxitin is a second generation, semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic. Cephalosporins are derivatives of 7-aminocephalosporic acid and are closely related to penicillins in structure. Cephalosporins have a six membered sulfur containing ring adjoining a ß lactam ring. Cefoxitin is effective against a wide variety of gram positive and gram negative organisms, with strong resistance to ß lactamase. Cefoxitin is less effective against gram positive bacteria than first generation drugs. Antibiotics require constant drug level in body for therapeutic effect.This is achieved by taking the medication at regular interval of time throughout the day and night as prescribed. Cefoxitin is important to take the drug for the full time period as prescribed. If you discontinue the therapy, it may result in ineffective treatment.
Primary Characteristics
It is of Semi Synthetic origin and belongs to Cephamycin C.
It belongs to Peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitor pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antibiotics pharmacological group.
Molecular Weight: 449.43 · pKa: 3.5 · Solubility in Water: high/very soluble · Solubility in Alcohol: slight/sparingly · Non-proprietary name: Cefoxitin.
Pharmacokinetics
Distribution: Cefoxitin has a volume of distribution is 8-12 litre. plasma protein binding is 65-80%.
Elimination: plasma half-life is 45 to 60 min, renal excretion is essentially.
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Indications
Cefoxitin is primarily indicated in conditions like Bone and joint infection, Endometritis, Female genital tract infection, Gonorrhoea, Intra-abdominal infections, Pelvic infections, Peritonitis, Persistant neutropenia in advanced hiv infection, Renal impairment, Respiratory tract infections, Septicaemia, Surgical infections, Surgical prophylaxis, Urinary tract infection.
Contraindications
Cefoxitin is contraindicated in conditions like Colitis.
Dosage
Cefoxitin's dosage details are as follows:
| Dose | Single Dose | Frequency | Route | Instructions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Dosage | ||||
| 1.5 g | 1.5 g | — | IM | May be given every 4-6 hrs. 12g may given in severe infections |
| Paediatric Dosage (20kg) | ||||
| 22.5 mg/kg | 22.5 mg/kg | Every 6h | Intra Muscular | - |
| 22.5 mg/kg | 22.5 mg/kg | Every 6h | Intra Venous | |
| Neonatal Dosage (3kg) | ||||
| 31.61 mg/kg | 31.61 mg/kg | Every 12h | Intramuscular | |
| 20 mg/kg | 20 mg/kg | Every 12h | Intravenous | Dose may be increased to 200mg/kg to 12 g in severe infections |
Drug Interactions
Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Side Effects
Cefoxitin in overdosage may give rise to further complications which include Renal failure , Thrombocytopenia , Hemolytic anemia , Hypersensitivity reactions , Eosinophilia , Hemolytic anemia , Eosinophilia , Transient leucopenia , Neutropenia , Hemolytic anemia.
Cefoxitin produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Pseudomembranous colitis , Anaphylactic reactions. Careful monitoring is needed with proper medical management.
Cefoxitin is known to cause more or less tolerable side effects which are usually transient. These include Diarrhea, Nausea, Pseudomembranous colitis , Thrombophlebitis , Vomiting .
Warnings / Precautions
Interference in Pathology
Cefoxitin may interfere in the diagnosis of False +ve reaction to glucose in urine. , Falsely elevated values of Jaffe technique to determine creatinine concentration. , false increased results in Porter-Silber reaction for 17-OH corticosteroid.
Available Brands
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Single Ingredient
Storage Conditions
Drug Classification
- 1.6.2.1.3 — Cephalosporins
Manufacturers
Manufacturers of Cefoxitin in Pakistan: