Glycopyrrolate

Also known as: Glycopyrronium (Br)

Drug #1143

Glycopyrrolate synthetic quaternary anticholinergic. Glycopyrrolate used in the treatment of peptic ulcers. Glycopyrrolate slows the activity of the stomach and intestinal tract. Glycopyrrolate relieves cramping and reduces acid secretion. Administerd orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously and intravenously. </br>Glycopyrronium (Br) is a quaternary ammonium compound with antimuscarinic properties and peripheral actions similar to those of atropine. Glycopyrronium (Br) is given orally to reduce the intestinal motility and also is used parenterally to block the effects of parasympathetic stimulation during anaesthesia and surgical procedures.

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Primary Characteristics

Glycopyrrolate is also known as Glycopyrronium (Br).

It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Pyrolidine.

It belongs to Cholinergic muscarinic antagonist pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action. It is also classified under Gastrointestinal Anticholinergics/Antispasmodics .

Molecular Weight: 398.3 · pK_a: 1 in 30 · Solubility in Water: null · Solubility in Alcohol: 1 in 4.2 · Non-proprietary name: Glycopyrrolate · pH: 4 · Isotonic value: 7.22.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Glycopyrrolate has an oral bioavailability is 17.5% (±7.5%).

Distribution: Glycopyrrolate has a volume of distribution is 0.64 l/kg.

Elimination: plasma half-life is 0.83 hr.

Indications

Glycopyrrolate is primarily indicated in conditions like Anesthesia, Control of muscarinic side-effects of neostigmine, Drying secretions, Hyperacidity, Neuromuscular blockade, Premedication in anaesthesia, Reduction of excessive respiratory secretions (death rattle) in palliative care, Reversal of excessive bradycardia, Spasticity, Surgery.

Glycopyrrolate is also indicated for secondary conditions like Cardiac arrhythmia, Hyperhidrosis, Peptic ulcer.

Contraindications

Glycopyrrolate is contraindicated in conditions like Glucoma, Obstructive uropathy, Achalasia.

Dosage

Glycopyrrolate's dosage details are as follows:

Dose	Single Dose	Frequency	Route	Instructions
Adult Dosage
300 ug	300 ug	—	IM,IV	As Premedication
12.5 ug/ kg Neostigmine	12.5 ug/ kg Neostigmine	—	IV	For control of Muscranic side effects of Neostigmine in reversal of competitive neuromuscular block
0.25 – 0.5 %	—	—	Topical(cream)	For Hyperhidrosis
Paediatric Dosage (20kg)
6.6 ug/kg	6.6 ug/kg	—	Intra Muscular	0.5-1 hr before induction of anaesthesia, as required . To maximum of 200 ug.
6.6 ug/kg	6.6 ug/kg	—	Intra Venous	0.5-1 hr before induction of anaesthesia, as required
Neonatal Dosage (3kg)
6.6 ug/kg	6.6 ug/kg	—	Intra Muscular	0.5-1 hr before induction of anaesthesia, as required
6.6 ug/kg	6.6 ug/kg	—	Intra Venous	0.5-1 hr before induction of anaesthesia, as required

Drug Interactions

Unknown1 interaction

7 interactions

Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.

Side Effects

Glycopyrrolate in overdosage may give rise to further complications which include Tachycardia , Tachycardia.

Glycopyrrolate produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Anaphylaxis . Careful monitoring is needed with proper medical management.

The signs and symptoms that are produced after acute overdosage of Glycopyrrolate are Seizures, Tachycardia, Dry mouth, Confusion , Hallucinations , Pyrexia, Delirium, Ataxia, Hyperpyrexia, Mydriasis, Hypertension, Incoordination , Nausea & vomiting, Dry skin.

Glycopyrrolate is known to cause more or less tolerable side effects which are usually transient. These include Blurred vision, Constipation , Drowsiness, Dryness of mouth, Headache, Mental confusion, Nausea and vomiting, Tachycardia, Taste disturbance, Urinary retensionX.

Warnings / Precautions

Closely monitor patients for therapeutic response and side effects of glycopyrrolate. It should not used in high doses because may produce mental depression and mental distrubances. It should be used with caution in patients over 40yrs. Because may increase the risk of glaucoma. It should be used with caution in patients with asthma, heart or kidney diseases. It should be used with caution in infants and small children. Should be used with caution in coronocy artery disease and uralemia.

Available Brands

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Single Ingredient

Inj

0.2 mg/ml

Multi-Ingredient Combinations

Inj

0.5 mg

Storage Conditions

Glycopyrrolate should be stored Tab.

Drug Classification

1.1.3 — preoperative medication and sedation
2.17.5 — Antispasmodics
3.20 — Muscle relaxants and cholinesterase inhibitors

Manufacturers

Manufacturers of Glycopyrrolate in Pakistan:

Brookes