Nitroglycerin

Drug #943

Nitroglycerin is an organic nitrate, first synthesized in 1846, but not recognized to have antianginal effects until 1879. Chemically Nitroglycerin is 1, 2, 3-propanetriol trinitrate. Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator, available in many dosage forms, proven to be the mainstay of therapy in the management of angina pectoris. Nitroglycerin is also used to control perioperative hypertension, to produce controlled hypotension during surgical procedures, to treat hypertensive emergencies, and to treat congestive heart failure associated with myocardial infarction. The use of sublingual nitroglycerin for the relief of acute anginal attacks was established in 1879. Because Nitroglycerin is inexpensive, has a rapid onset of action, and has a well-documented efficacy, sublingual nitroglycerin is still considered the drug of choice for the acute relief of angina. Nitroglycerin was granted FDA approval in 1938.

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Primary Characteristics

It belongs to Organonaitrates.

It is classified in Vasodilators pharmacological group.

Molecular Weight: 227.09 · Non-proprietary name: Nitroglycerin.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Nitroglycerin has an oral bioavailability is 50% (±50%).

Indications

Nitroglycerin is primarily indicated in conditions like Angina pectoris, Heart failure, Myocardial infarction (non st-segment elevation).

Contraindications

Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in conditions like Myocardial infarction, Increase intracranial pressure, Hypersensitivity to any component of product.

Dosage

Nitroglycerin's dosage details are as follows:

Dose	Single Dose	Frequency	Route	Instructions
Adult Dosage
400 µg	400 µg	—	Aerosal Spray
2 – 6 mg	—	Every 8h	PO
300 – 600 µg	—	Every 8h	Sublingual	Repeated every 5 minutes
Paediatric Dosage (20kg)
0.375 ug/kg.min	0.375 ug/kg.min	—	IV Infusion	Initially, As Required
3 ug/kg.min	3 ug/kg.min	—	IV Infusion	Maintenance . May be increased upto 20ug/kg.min as required
Neonatal Dosage (3kg)
No data.

Drug Interactions

13 interactions

Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.

Side Effects

Nitroglycerin is known to cause more or less tolerable side effects which are usually transient. These include Blurred vision, Contact dermatitis, dizziness, Dry mouth, Flushing, Headache, Local irritation, Nausea, Palpitation, Restlessness, Skin rashes, Vomiting .

Warnings / Precautions

Before using this medication tell your doctor your medical history especially of: heart problems, head injury or surgery, glaucoma, thyroid conditions, anemia, alcohol usage, allergies (especially allergies to drugs or adhesives). Use caution engaging in activities that require alertness or in operating machinery if this medication makes you dizzy or drowsy. Alcoholic beverages may increase the risk of fainting or of experiencing dizziness. This medication should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. It is not known if this drug is excreted into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Interference in Pathology

Nitroglycerin may interfere in the diagnosis of Zlatkis-Zac reaction used in the measurement of serum cholesterol concentrations .

Available Brands

Click on a strength to view available brands.

Single Ingredient

Inj

25 MG/5ML 5 mg/5ml

Storage Conditions

Nitroglycerin should be stored .

Drug Classification

1.12.1 — Antianginal drugs

Manufacturers

Manufacturers of Nitroglycerin in Pakistan:

Mehran Int.