Sodium Bicarbonate
Sodium bicarbonate is the monosodium salt of carbinic acid. It is used as an alkalinizing agent in the treatment of metabolic acidosis. It causes alkinization of urine and therefore can be given to relieve the discomfort in mild urinary tract disorders. It neutralizes the acid in gastro-intestinal tract, therefore frequently included in antacid preparations.
Primary Characteristics
It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Sodium salt.
It belongs to Minerals and Electrolytes pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antiflatulent pharmacological group. It is also classified under Antacids .
Molecular Weight: 84.01 · Solubility in Water: 1 in 12 · Solubility in Alcohol: insoluble · Non-proprietary name: Sodium Bicarbonate · pH: 8.3 · Isotonic value: 1.39.
Pharmacokinetics
None recorded.
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Indications
Sodium Bicarbonate is primarily indicated in conditions like Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Chronic acidotic states, Hyperkalaemia, Metabolic acidosis, Muscle spasm (acute), Relief of discomfort in mild UTIs, Renal acidosis or in severe metabolic acidosis of any origin, Severe shock due for example to cardiac arrest.
Sodium Bicarbonate is also indicated for secondary conditions like Cardiac arrest, Urinary alkalinization.
Contraindications
Sodium Bicarbonate is contraindicated in conditions like Hypocalcaemia, Metabolic alkalosis, Respiratory alkalosis, Hyperosmolarity, Hypoventilation, Chloride depletion.
Dosage
Sodium Bicarbonate's dosage details are as follows:
| Dose | Single Dose | Frequency | Route | Instructions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Dosage | ||||
| 8.4 % | 8.4 % | — | IV | As required |
| 11.52 mg/ kg | 11.52 mg/ kg | Every 24h | IV | Maintenance for every 10 minutes |
| 23.02 mg/ kg | 23.02 mg/ kg | Every 24h | IV | Initially for Once |
| Paediatric Dosage (20kg) | ||||
| 1.5 mg/kg | 1.5 mg/kg | — | Slow IV | Once or As Required |
| Neonatal Dosage (3kg) | ||||
| 1.5 mg/kg | 1.5 mg/kg | — | Slow IV | Once or As Required |
Drug Interactions
Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Side Effects
Sodium Bicarbonate in overdosage may give rise to further complications which include Seizures , Hypokalemia , Lactic acidosis, Metabolic alkalosis.
Sodium Bicarbonate produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Pulmonary edema , Hyperventilation, Paradoxical acidosis, Volume overload. Careful monitoring is needed with proper medical management.
Sodium Bicarbonate is known to cause more or less tolerable side effects which are usually transient. These include Abdominal pain, Chemical cellulitis, Flatulence, Hypernatremia, Necrosis , Reaction at injection site, Sloughing, Tetany, Ulceration .
Warnings / Precautions
Interference in Pathology
Sodium Bicarbonate may interfere in the diagnosis of False +ve Labstix Test for Urinary Protein , Gastric Acid Secretory Function Test .
Available Brands
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Multi-Ingredient Combinations
Storage Conditions
Drug Classification
- 1.20 — Muscle relaxants and cholinesterase inhibitors
Manufacturers
Manufacturers of Sodium Bicarbonate in Pakistan: