Isoflurane

Drug #394

Isoflurane is inhalation anesthetic. Isoflurane is most recent halogenated anesthetic to be introduced into clinical practice. It was introduced into widespread clinical use in 1983. Chemically Isoflurane is 2-chloro-2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoroethane. Isoflurane is isomer of enflurane. Isoflurane is non flammable and non explosive. Isoflurane is a racemic mixture and prepared by chemical synthesis. Inhaled gases are the mainstay of anesthesia and are primarily used for the maintenance of anesthesia after administration of an intravenous agent. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly altered by changing the concentration of inhaled anesthetic. Most of the agents are rapidly eliminated from the body and donot cause post-operative respiratory depression.

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Primary Characteristics

It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Enflurane.

It belongs to General Anesthetics-Volatile pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action. It is also classified under General Anesthetics .

Molecular Weight: 184.5 · Solubility in Water: Insoluble · Solubility in Alcohol: readily miscible · Non-proprietary name: Isoflurane.

Pharmacokinetics

Elimination: it is metabolised via 0.2%.

Indications

Isoflurane is primarily indicated in conditions like Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia.

Contraindications

Isoflurane is contraindicated in conditions like Coronary artery disease, Suceptibility to malignant hyperthermia, Neurological procedures.

Dosage

Isoflurane's dosage details are as follows:

Dose	Single Dose	Frequency	Route	Instructions
Adult Dosage
1.75 %	1.75 %	—		For maintenance of aneasthesia.
0.35 %	0.35 %	—	Inhalation	Aa required , For induction which may be increased to 1.5-3% v/V.
Paediatric Dosage (20kg)
No data.
Neonatal Dosage (3kg)
No data.

Drug Interactions

Unknown10 interactions

1 interaction

Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.

Side Effects

Isoflurane in overdosage may give rise to further complications which include Hepatitis , Cardiovascular collapse .

Isoflurane produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Respiratory depression, Myocardial infarction, Ischemic heart disease, Malignant hyperthermia. Careful monitoring is needed with proper medical management.

The signs and symptoms that are produced after acute overdosage of Isoflurane are Depression of vital functions.

Isoflurane is known to cause more or less tolerable side effects which are usually transient. These include Nausea, Shivering , Vomiting .

Warnings / Precautions

Avoid isoflurane in patients having susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. Patients should observed caution while driving or performing other tasks requiring alertness, because may cause drowsiness. Patients with chronic disease such as diabetes or hypertension may require adjustment of their therapy before anaesthesia. Anesthetics should be given with caution in patients with cardiac, respiratory, renal or hepatic impairment. Avoid use during pregnancy. Isoflurane should be used with caution in patients with phaeochromocytoma or with raised intracranial pressure. Use of the isoflurane in the patient with myasthenia gravis can cause an increase in the muscular weakness due to the neuromuscular blocking effect of anesthetics.The drug should be used with caution during pregnancy and lactation.

Interference in Pathology

Isoflurane may interfere in the diagnosis of Polarographic and Mass Spectrometric analysis of oxygen and Nitrogen. .

Available Brands

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Single Ingredient

Liquid

2 %w/v

Storage Conditions

Isoflurane should be stored Inhaler.

Drug Classification

1.1.1.1 — Intravenous agents

Manufacturers

Manufacturers of Isoflurane in Pakistan:

Akhai