Ethambutol (HCl)
Also known as: Ethambutol
Ethambutol (HCl) is oral antimycobacterial agent. Ethambutol (HCl) is a synthetic, water soluble, heat stable compound. Ethambutol (HCl) is specifically effective against actively growing micro-organism of genus Mycobacterium including M. tuberculosis. Resistance to ethambutol emerges rapidly when the drug is used alone. Therefore Ethambutol (HCl) is always given in combination with other antituberculosis drug.
Primary Characteristics
Ethambutol (HCl) is also known as Ethambutol.
It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Ethylaminobutan.
It belongs to Antimycobacterial agent pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action.
Molecular Weight: 277.2 · pKa: 6.3 · Solubility in Water: 1 in 1 · Solubility in Alcohol: 1 in 4 · Non-proprietary name: Ethambutol (HCl).
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Ethambutol (HCl) has an oral bioavailability is 80%, pre-systemic (first-pass) metabolism accounts for 0.5% (±0.5%).
Distribution: Ethambutol (HCl) has a volume of distribution is 3.9 l/kg. plasma protein binding is 10-40%.
Elimination: it is metabolised via 15% via liver, plasma half-life is 10-15 hr, renal excretion is major.
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Indications
Ethambutol (HCl) is primarily indicated in conditions like Acute leukemia, Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection.
Ethambutol (HCl) is also indicated for secondary conditions like Tuberculosis.
Contraindications
Ethambutol (HCl) is contraindicated in conditions like Optic neuritis.
Dosage
Ethambutol (HCl)'s dosage details are as follows:
| Dose | Single Dose | Frequency | Route | Instructions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Dosage | ||||
| 20 mg/ kg | 20 mg/ kg | Every 24h | PO | Initially for 60 Days. |
| 22.5 mg/ kg | 22.5 mg/ kg | Every 24h | PO | Maintanance as required |
| Paediatric Dosage (20kg) | ||||
| 15 mg/kg | 15 mg/kg | Every 24h | Oral | Maintenance As Required |
| 25 mg/kg | 25 mg/kg | Every 24h | Oral | Initially for 60 Days |
| Neonatal Dosage (3kg) | ||||
| 0 – 0 | — | — | SA | |
Drug Interactions
Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Side Effects
Ethambutol (HCl) in overdosage may give rise to further complications which include Thrombocytopenia , Retrotubular neuritis , Pulmonary infiltrates.
Ethambutol (HCl) is known to cause more or less tolerable side effects which are usually transient. These include Abdominal pain, Allergic rashes, Anorexia , Confusion, Disorientation, dizziness, Fever, GI disturbance, Green-red colour blindness, Hallucination , Headache, Hyperuricemia , Joint pain, Malaise, Reduction invisual acuity.
Warnings / Precautions
Interference in Pathology
Ethambutol (HCl) may interfere in the diagnosis of False Positive Screening Test for Phaeochromocytoma .
Available Brands
Storage Conditions
Drug Classification
- 1.6.2.4 — Anti-tuberculosis drugs