Adenosine
Also known as: Adenine Deoxy Nucleoside, Adenine Deoxy ribonucleoside, Deoxyadenosine, Desoxyadenosine +1 more
Adenosine is a purine nucleoside, adenine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It occurs naturally throughout the body. Adenosine is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotide play major roles in the reaction and regulation of of metabolism. Adenosine is used as an anti-arrhythmic agent. Adenosine is less effective in the presence of it receptor blockers such as theophylline or caffiene and its effects are potentiated by it uptake inhibitors such as dipyramidole.
Primary Characteristics
Adenosine is also known as Adenine Deoxy Nucleoside, Adenine Deoxy ribonucleoside, Deoxyadenosine, Desoxyadenosine, .
It is of Natural origin and belongs to Purine.
Molecular Weight: 267.2 · Solubility in Water: slightly soluble · Solubility in Alcohol: very slightly soluble · Non-proprietary name: Adenosine.
Pharmacokinetics
Elimination: plasma half-life is < 2 sec.
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Indications
Adenosine is primarily indicated in conditions like Coronary artery disease diagnosis, Long term management of hereditary angioedema, Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, Rapid reversion to sinus ryhthm, Severe pain and tenderness in benign fibrocystic breast disease, Tachycardias diagnosis, Tobacco amblyopia and leber's optic atrophy.
Contraindications
Adenosine is contraindicated in conditions like Asthma, Sick sinus syndrome, Atrioventricular block.
Dosage
Adenosine's dosage details are as follows:
| Dose | Single Dose | Frequency | Route | Instructions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Dosage | ||||
| 6 mg | 6 mg | — | IV | By rapid intravenous injection into central or large peripheral vein, 6 mg over 2 seconds with cardiac monitoring; if necessary followed by 12 mg after 12 minutes, and then by 12 mg after a further 12 minutes; increments should not be given if high level AV block develops at any particular dose Important: Patients with a heart transplant are very sensitive to effects of adenosine and should receive initial dose of 3 mg over 2 seconds, followed if necessary by 6 mg after 12 minutes, and then by 12 mg after a further 12 minutes. Also, if essential to give with dipyridamole reduce adenosine dose to a quarter of the usual dose Note: Adenosine doses in the BNF may differ from those in product literature |
| Paediatric Dosage (20kg) | ||||
| 0.022 – 0.037 mg/Kg | — | — | IV | Given by IV bolves injection |
| Neonatal Dosage (3kg) | ||||
| No data. | ||||
Drug Interactions
Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Side Effects
Adenosine in overdosage may give rise to further complications which include Hypotension , Bronchospasm .
Adenosine produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Respiratory Failure , Heart block, Atrial fibrillation, Transient arrhythmias, Sinus arrhythmia. Careful monitoring is needed with proper medical management.
The signs and symptoms that are produced after acute overdosage of Adenosine are Tachycardia .
Adenosine is known to cause more or less tolerable side effects which are usually transient. These include Chest pain, Dizziness, Dyspnea, Facial flushing, Headache, Nausea, Paresthesias, Syncope , Vomiting .
Warnings / Precautions
Available Brands
Storage Conditions
Drug Classification
- 1.12.2 — Antiarrhythmic drugs
- 2.21.7 — Other ophthalmologicals