Diazoxide

Drug #232

Diazoxide is antihypertensive agent. Diazoxide is a relatively long acting parentrally administerd vasodilator. Diazoxide is useful in hypertensive emergencies to lower the blood pressure and to increase blood sugar level in hypoglycemia.

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Primary Characteristics

It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Benzothiadiazine.

It belongs to Potassium Channel (ATP sensitive) opener pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Vasodilators pharmacological group.

Molecular Weight: 230.7 · pK_a: 8.5 · Solubility in Water: insoluble · Solubility in Alcohol: slightly soluble · Non-proprietary name: Diazoxide.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Diazoxide has an oral bioavailability is 90% (±5%).

Distribution: Diazoxide has a volume of distribution is 0.2 l/kg. plasma protein binding is 90%.

Elimination: it is metabolised via Hepatic, plasma half-life is 28 ± 8.3 hr, renal excretion is major.

Indications

Diazoxide is primarily indicated in conditions like Carbohydrate depletion, Dehydration, Duodenal ulceration associated with H. Pylori, Fluid depletion, Hypertensive emergencies, Hypertensive encephalopathy, Hypoglycaemia.

Diazoxide is also indicated for secondary conditions like Cerebral oedema, Reflux oesophagitis, Schizophrenia and other psychoses, Varicose veins.

Contraindications

Diazoxide is contraindicated in conditions like Diabetes mellitus, Anuria, Thiamine deficiency, Trauma, Intracranial hemorrhage, Sepsis, Hypophosphataemia, Haemodilution, Acute ischaemic stroke.

Dosage

Diazoxide's dosage details are as follows:

Dose	Single Dose	Frequency	Instructions
Adult Dosage
1 – 3 mg/kg	—	Every 24h	For hypersensitive crises:- Given with in seconds upto a maximum dose of 150mg & repeated after 5 to 15 minutes if required.
3 – 5 mg/kg	—	Every 24h	For hypoglycemia:- Initial dose in 2 to 3 divided doses .
5.5 mg/kg	5.5 mg/kg	Every 24h	For hypoglycemia:- Maintainance dose up to 7g.
Paediatric Dosage (20kg)
No data.
Neonatal Dosage (3kg)
No data.

Drug Interactions

Unknown12 interactions

39 interactions

Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.

Side Effects

Diazoxide in overdosage may give rise to further complications which include Tachycardia , Rashes, Fever , Thrombocytopenia , Pancreatitis , Lymphadenopathy , Lymphadenopathy , Neutropenia , Palpitation , Gout , Hepatorenal changes , Chest pain .

Diazoxide produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Congestive heart failure, Hypotension, Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma , Diabetic ketoacidosis, Sodium retention, Water retention. Careful monitoring is needed with proper medical management.

The signs and symptoms that are produced after acute overdosage of Diazoxide are Hyperglycemia, Ketoacidosis .

Diazoxide is known to cause more or less tolerable side effects which are usually transient. These include Abdominal pain, Constipation , Dizziness, Dysgeusia, Flushing, Headache, Hirsutism , Loss of taste, Nausea, Palpitation, Pruritus , Reaction at injection site, Restlessness, Transient cataract, Tremor, Vomiting , Weakness.

Warnings / Precautions

Prolong treatment with diazoxide requires regular monitoring of urine for glucose and ketones, especially under stress conditions. Observed patients closely when initiate the treatment, monitor clinical response and blood glucose until condition of patients is being stabilized. It requires close and frequent blood pressure monitoring. It should be used with caution in patients with impaired cerebral or cardiac circulation.

Interference in Pathology

Diazoxide may interfere in the diagnosis of Fluorimetric Methods of measuring Cortisol in Urine .

Available Brands

None recorded.

Storage Conditions

Diazoxide should be stored Caps, Susp.

Drug Classification

1.12.3.7 — Direct vasodilators