Dihydroartemisinin
Dihydroartemisinin has strong schizonticidal action, but has no effect on exoerythrocytic, sporogony and gametocyte fonns and is used as antimalarial drug. Dihydroartemisinin, is a drug with biological action of Artesunate and Artemether. Active mechanism of Dihydroartemisinin has not been known fully. Some researches suggest that the drug concentrates selectively into cells contracted by parasites and reacts with hemin (hemozoin), to kill the parasites. This reaction produces poisonous free radicals that can destroy membranes of parasites in vitro.
Primary Characteristics
It is of Semi Synthetic origin and belongs to Sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide.
Molecular Weight: 284.35 · pKa: 12.6 · Solubility in Water: 1mg/ml · Solubility in Alcohol: ethonol-14mg/ml · Non-proprietary name: Dihydroartemisinin.
Pharmacokinetics
Distribution: Dihydroartemisinin has a volume of distribution is widely distributed in liver, kidney and bile..
Elimination: plasma half-life is 4 Hours, renal excretion is and through feces 80% within 24 Hours..
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Indications
Dihydroartemisinin is primarily indicated in conditions like Malaria, Malaria caused by plasmodium falciparum.
Contraindications
None recorded.
Dosage
Dihydroartemisinin's dosage details are as follows:
| Dose | Single Dose | Frequency | Route | Instructions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Dosage | ||||
| 10 – 40 mg/Kg | — | Every 24h | Rectal | |
| Paediatric Dosage (20kg) | ||||
| No data. | ||||
| Neonatal Dosage (3kg) | ||||
| No data. | ||||
Drug Interactions
Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Side Effects
Dihydroartemisinin in overdosage may give rise to further complications which include Neutropenia , ECG abnormalities, Prolongation of QI interval.
Dihydroartemisinin is known to cause more or less tolerable side effects which are usually transient. These include Abdominal distress, Arthralgia, Diarrhea, Headache, Nausea, Neutropenia, Pyrexia , Vomiting .
Warnings / Precautions
Available Brands
Storage Conditions
Drug Classification
- 1.6.4.3 — Antimalarials