Cidofovir

Drug #1732

Cidofovir is a nucleoside analogue, active against herpesviruses. Cidofovir is used in the treatment of CMV (cytomegalovirus) retinitis in AIDS patients. When phosphorylated acts both as a potent inhibitor or as an alternative substrate for viral DNA polymerase, competitively inhibiting DNA synthesis and becoming incorporated into the viral DNA chain.

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Primary Characteristics

It is of Synthetic origin.

Non-proprietary name: Cidofovir.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Cidofovir has an oral bioavailability is 98% (±10%).

Distribution: Cidofovir has a volume of distribution is 0.36l/kg. plasma protein binding is <6%.

Elimination: plasma half-life is 2.3hr, renal excretion is 70.1%.

Indications

Cidofovir is primarily indicated in conditions like Cytomegalovirus retinitis, Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia.

Cidofovir is also indicated for secondary conditions like Galactorrhoea, Hypogonadism, Infertility.

Contraindications

Cidofovir is contraindicated in conditions like Breast feeding.

Dosage

Cidofovir's dosage details are as follows:

Dose	Single Dose	Frequency	Route	Instructions
Adult Dosage
5 mg/kg	5 mg/kg	—	IV	Adult induction: Once weekly for 2 consecutive weeks.
5 mg/kg	5 mg/kg	—	IV	Maintainance dose: Once every 2 weeks.
Paediatric Dosage (20kg)
No data.
Neonatal Dosage (3kg)
No data.

Drug Interactions

1 interaction

Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.

Side Effects

Cidofovir is known to cause more or less tolerable side effects which are usually transient. These include Alopecia, Asthenia , Decreased intra-ocular pressure, Fever, Iritis, Nausea and vomiting.

Warnings / Precautions

Cidofovir should be given with extreme caution in renal impairment, monitorrenal function (serum creatinine and urinary protein) and neutrophil count within 24 hours before each dose; co-treatment with probenecid and prior hydration with I/V fluids necessary to minimize potential nephrotoxicity; diabetes mellitus (increased risk of ocular hypotonicity). NEPHROTOXICITY: Do not initiate treatment in renal impairment (assess creatinine clearance and proteinuria); discontinue treatment and hydrate with I/V fluids if detrioration of renal function occurs. OCULAR DISORDERS: regular opthalmological preparations recommended; iritis and uveitis have been reported which may respond to a corticosteroid with or without a cycloplegic drug-----discontinue cidofovir if no response to atopical corticosteroid or if condition worsens, or if iritis or uveitis recurs after successful treatment.

Interference in Pathology

Cidofovir may interfere in the diagnosis of Urinanalysis .

Available Brands

None recorded.

Drug Classification

1.6.5.1 — Herpes and cytomegalovirus infection