Levobunolol (HCl)
Levobunolol (HCl) is a non selective, ß adrenergic blocking agent. Levobunolol (HCl) is synthesized chemically and optically active. The (S) enantiomer (levorotatary isomer) is used clinically, as Levobunolol (HCl) is 60 times more potent than the (R) enantiomerin in ß blocking activity. It reducesintra-ocular pressure (IOP) and used to treat glaucoma or other eye conditions. Levobunolol (HCl) is available for both opthalmic and oral use.
Primary Characteristics
It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Tetrahydronaphthalen.
It is classified in Antiglaucoma pharmacological group. It is also classified under Opthalmic Products .
Molecular Weight: 327.9 · pKa: 9.4 · Solubility in Water: Freely soluble · Solubility in Alcohol: Sparingly soluble · Non-proprietary name: Levobunolol (HCl).
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Levobunolol (HCl) has an oral bioavailability is 50% (±50%), pre-systemic (first-pass) metabolism accounts for 50% (±50%).
Distribution: Levobunolol (HCl) has a volume of distribution is 5.5 l/kg. plasma protein binding is unmeasured.
Elimination: it is metabolised via Liver, plasma half-life is 5-8 hr, renal excretion is urine.
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Indications
Levobunolol (HCl) is primarily indicated in conditions like Ocular hypertension, Open-angle glaucoma.
Levobunolol (HCl) is also indicated for secondary conditions like Depression, Myocardial infarction.
Contraindications
Levobunolol (HCl) is contraindicated in conditions like Myasthenia gravis, Thyrotoxicosis, Cardiogenic shock, Second or third degree A-V block, Sinus bradycardia, General anaesthesia, Bronchial asthma.
Dosage
Levobunolol (HCl)'s dosage details are as follows:
| Dose | Single Dose | Frequency | Route | Instructions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Dosage | ||||
| 0.25 mg | 0.25 mg | Every 12h | Ophthalmic | - |
| 0.375 % | 0.375 % | Every 12h | Ophthalmic | drops. |
| Paediatric Dosage (20kg) | ||||
| No data. | ||||
| Neonatal Dosage (3kg) | ||||
| No data. | ||||
Drug Interactions
Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Side Effects
Levobunolol (HCl) in overdosage may give rise to further complications which include Bronchospasm , Bronchospasm , Sinus bradycardia , Ocular irritation.
Levobunolol (HCl) is known to cause more or less tolerable side effects which are usually transient. These include Ataxia, Bradycardia , Depression, Diarrhea, Dizziness, Fall in BP , Headache, Heart block, Heart burn, Lethargy, Pruritus , Respiratory difficulty, Stinging on application, Urticaria.
Warnings / Precautions
Available Brands
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Single Ingredient
Storage Conditions
Drug Classification
- 1.21.4.2 — Beta blockers